Watching your little one take those first wobbly steps is pure magic—a milestone filled with pride, wonder, and maybe a touch of nervousness. As they explore the world upright, many parents feel the immediate pressure to find the “perfect” first shoes, bombarded by cute designs and bold claims promising to support every stumble and stride. But amidst the sea of tiny sneakers and miniature boots, it’s easy to overlook the most crucial factor: what truly benefits your baby’s developing feet during this delicate stage. Choosing incorrectly isn’t just about discomfort—it can subtly impact how those tiny bones, muscles, and ligaments form for years to come.
Forget the marketing hype and fleeting trends. The real goal isn’t the flashiest pair on the shelf, but footwear that acts as a gentle extension of barefoot movement—protecting tender soles from rough surfaces while allowing natural foot function. Experts consistently emphasize that early walking shoes should prioritize flexibility, minimal structure, and a near-barefoot feel over rigid support or heavy soles. This guide cuts through the noise, focusing on evidence-based features, common pitfalls, and practical considerations to empower you with confidence. You’ll learn how to assess fit like a pro, understand why certain materials matter more than you think, and navigate the transition from crawling to confident cruising—all without ever naming a single brand or promising a “top 10” list. Let’s build a foundation for healthy, happy steps together.
Top 10 Baby Shoes
Detailed Product Reviews
1. Hstyle Baby Sock Shoes Toddler Walking Shoes Infant Non-Slip Slippers Soft Rubber Sole Sneakers for Baby Boys Girls 12-18 Months Grey
Overview: These unisex grey sock-shoes target 12-18 month olds transitioning to walking, blending sock comfort with sneaker protection. Designed for indoor/outdoor use, they feature soft combed cotton uppers and a flexible rubber sole.
What Makes It Stand Out: The memory foam insole molds to baby feet for personalized comfort, while the thickened rubber sole and toe cap offer unique dual protection against slips and impacts. The elastic opening ensures easy wear without constriction, a standout for fussy toddlers.
Value for Money: Priced mid-range, they deliver exceptional value for home and supervised outdoor use. Though not durable for rough play, the all-season versatility and injury-prevention features outperform cheaper alternatives lacking memory foam or toe protection.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Superior breathability, excellent non-slip traction, effective toe collision guard, and effortless on/off. Weaknesses: Rubber sole may wear quickly outdoors; limited color/style options; not ideal for wet surfaces despite non-slip claims.
Bottom Line: Highly recommended for safe first steps indoors or dry patios. Prioritize for comfort and protection over rugged durability, making them ideal for cautious walkers and gift-giving.
2. BACSAC Baby Shoes Toddler Shoes Boys Girls Infant Sock Shoes Lightweight Breathable Walking Baby Shoes 6-36 Months Black,12-18 Months
Overview: BACSAC offers minimalist black sock-shoes for infants 6-36 months, emphasizing breathability and lightweight design. These slip-on sneakers prioritize basic protection for early walkers in casual settings.
What Makes It Stand Out: The one-piece stretch-knit collar enables effortless slip-on functionality, while the moisture-wicking fabric keeps feet dry—a rarity in budget sock-shoes. The subtle toe cap adds essential impact shielding without bulk.
Value for Money: An affordable entry-point for parents testing walking shoes. Though less padded than premium options, the durable rubber sole and all-ages sizing (6-36M) provide longevity, outperforming disposable alternatives at similar prices.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Ultra-lightweight, quick-drying fabric, reliable non-slip sole, and versatile sizing. Weaknesses: Minimal arch support; toe protection is thinner than competitors; no adjustable fit for wider feet; prone to stretching over time.
Bottom Line: A solid budget buy for dry indoor use and occasional outings. Skip if your child needs structured support, but ideal for warm climates or as a starter pair.
3. LAFEGEN Baby Girls Mary Jane Flats with Bownot Non Slip Soft Sole PU Leather Newborn Infant Toddler First Walker Cirb Dress Shoes, 6-12 Months Infant, 07 White
Overview: These white PU leather Mary Janes cater to 6-12 month olds needing stylish yet functional first shoes for ceremonies or daily wear. The soft sole and bow detail balance practicality with aesthetic appeal.
What Makes It Stand Out: The hook-and-loop closure ensures a secure, adjustable fit—critical for keeping tiny dress shoes in place—while the non-slip sole adds safety often missing in infant formal footwear. The breathable PU leather elevates it beyond typical fabric options.
Value for Money: Justified for special occasions given the dressy versatility (baby showers, photography), though less practical for daily use. Competes well with pricier brands by offering machine-washable convenience rare in dress shoes.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Secure closure prevents slips, elegant design for events, gentle on delicate feet, and easy to clean. Weaknesses: Limited cushioning; PU leather less breathable than cotton; not suitable for active walking; narrow fit may discomfort wider feet.
Bottom Line: Optimal for photoshoots or parties but avoid for learning-to-walk stages. A thoughtful gift where style meets basic safety.
4. Stride Rite 360 Unisex Child Taye 2.0 First Walker Shoe, White, 5 Toddler US
Overview: Stride Rite’s Taye 2.0 merges fashion with function for toddlers mastering independent steps. This unisex white sneaker features a color-blocked design and advanced ergonomic support for active daily wear.
What Makes It Stand Out: The removable memory-foam insole allows instant width adjustment—a game-changer for growing feet—while the rounded sole promotes natural gait. Machine-washable construction and odor-resistant lining address key parent pain points.
Value for Money: Premium-priced but justified by exceptional durability, adaptability, and orthopedic features. Outperforms cheaper shoes with fixed insoles, reducing replacement frequency as feet widen. Ideal for parents investing in long-term foot health.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Adjustable fit via removable insole, superior cushioning, easy cleaning, and stable rounded-edge design. Weaknesses: Higher cost; stiff upper may require break-in; limited color variety; oversized strap can snag on furniture.
Bottom Line: The top choice for serious walkers needing support and longevity. Worth every penny for active toddlers despite the investment.
5. Centipede Demon Baby Shoes Baby Boy Girl First Walker Shoes Breathable Tennis Sneakers Lightweight Infant Shoe Slip On Sock Shoe 12-18 Months
Overview: Centipede Demon’s sneakers target 12-18 month olds with a lace-free, sock-like design optimized for all-day activity. These breathable tennis shoes promise secure fit and ground-feel for confident exploration.
What Makes It Stand Out: The elastic-free opening stays snug during vigorous play (crawling to running), while the ultra-flexible sole encourages natural foot development. Rare dual indoor/outdoor traction makes it versatile beyond typical sock-shoes.
Value for Money: Mid-priced with impressive utility. The removable insole and hard-wearing rubber sole offer better longevity than disposable alternatives, justifying cost for parents seeking one shoe for playdates and park trips.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Exceptional flexibility, secure elastic-free fit, reliable non-slip grip, and all-occasion suitability. Weaknesses: Thin upper offers minimal bruise protection; breathability lags behind cotton competitors; colors fade after washes.
Bottom Line: Best for active toddlers in dry conditions. Prioritize for mobility and grip, but pair with socks in cold weather for added warmth.
6. Stride Rite 360 Unisex Kamila Sneaker, White
Overview: The Stride Rite 360 Kamila is a practical, comfort-focused sneaker designed for early walkers. Built with developing feet in mind, it combines essential support features with user-friendly design for parents and toddlers alike, primarily using breathable textile materials. What Makes It Stand Out: Its standout features are the dual-density memory foam insole for cushioned support and the special antimicrobial treatment that actively combats odors—a rarity in basic kids’ sneakers. The simple hook-and-loop closure ensures a secure, adjustable fit without frustrating laces. Value for Money: Priced moderately, it delivers excellent value by prioritizing core foot health needs over unnecessary frills. While cheaper alternatives exist, they often lack the odor control and dual-fit sock system, making the Kamila a smarter long-term investment for frequent wear. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Exceptional comfort from memory foam, easy one-handed closure, effective odor resistance, breathable textile upper. Weaknesses: Textile material may lack the durability of leather alternatives, limited color/style options beyond basic white. Bottom Line: Highly recommended for parents seeking a reliable, comfortable first sneaker that actively addresses common issues like foot odor and fit struggles; ideal for daily indoor and light outdoor use.
7. Babelvit Infant Baby Girl Boy Sandals Comfort Premium Summer Outdoor Casual Beach Shoes with Flower Bowknot Anti Slip Rubber Sole Newborn Toddler Prewalker First Walking Shoes
Overview: These Babelvit sandals are designed as stylish, functional summer footwear for infants and toddlers, featuring a prominent floral bowknot. They target comfort and safety for pre-walkers and new walkers during warm-weather activities. What Makes It Stand Out: The large decorative bowknot combined with a soft PU leather upper and flexible rubber sole creates strong visual appeal while ensuring safety. The adjustable ankle hook-loop closure offers a secure, customizable fit crucial for active little ones. Value for Money: Positioned as a premium casual sandal, it offers fair value for its dual role as both a practical beach/outdoor shoe and a cute accessory for events like birthdays or christenings. Competitors often sacrifice adjustability for similar aesthetics. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Very adjustable fit, lightweight and breathable, non-slip sole, attractive design for special occasions. Weaknesses: Bowknot may snag or be less durable, PU leather might not withstand rugged use, sizing requires precise foot measurement per brand chart. Bottom Line: A solid choice for parents wanting fashionable, safe summer sandals for casual outings or events; prioritize accurate sizing measurements to ensure comfort and avoid returns.
8. Clowora Baby Boys Girls Shoes Non-Slip Rubber Sole Sneakers Infant First Walking Toddler Crib Shoes Newborn Loafers Flats. (11/Multi-Color,12-18 Months)
Overview: Clowora’s crib shoes are minimalist, flexible sneakers aimed at newborns and pre-walkers. They emphasize safety and ease of use with a focus on soft, natural movement for developing feet during early stages. What Makes It Stand Out: The elastic ankle band is the key differentiator, enabling truly effortless on/off without compromising security—unlike many hook-and-loop styles. Coupled with rigorous safety testing and a soft, non-slip rubber sole, it’s ideal for delicate infant feet. Value for Money: Excellent value at its price point. The zero-hassle return guarantee reduces purchase risk, and the focus on essential safety/comfort features (not fashion) means you pay for functionality without premium branding markups. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Super easy elastic closure, lightweight breathable design, certified skin-safe materials, strong return policy. Weaknesses: Minimalist style lacks adjustability beyond elasticity, multi-color options may not appeal to all, sole offers less support for active walkers. Bottom Line: Highly recommended for newborns and pre-walkers where ease of use and safety are paramount; less suitable once toddlers become confident walkers needing more structure.
9. TsQiiane Newbron Baby Boys Girls Retro Sneakers Pu Leather Rubber Sole Walking Shoes Toddler Non-slip First Walkers Infant Slippers Crib Shoes(6193/black 1)
Overview: TsQiiane offers retro-styled crib shoes blending vintage aesthetics with modern functionality for infants and early toddlers. Designed as both practical first walkers and photo-ready accessories, they feature PU leather construction. What Makes It Stand Out: The standout element is its classic retro design in trendy colors, making it more fashion-forward than typical crib shoes. The PU leather upper combined with a secure hook-and-loop strap ensures durability and a stay-on fit during movement. Value for Money: Good value for style-conscious parents. The durable, wipe-clean materials justify the cost compared to flimsier fabric alternatives, especially given its versatility from photoshoots to daily wear without frequent replacement. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Unique stylish appearance, easy-care PU leather, secure adjustable closure, non-slip sole, versatile for multiple occasions. Weaknesses: Polyester lining may be less breathable than mesh/textile, retro look might not suit all tastes, PU leather can stiffen over time. Bottom Line: A top pick for parents wanting fashionable, functional first shoes that won’t compromise on grip or ease of use; perfect for special occasions and everyday style.
10. Adidas Unisex-Baby VL Court 3.0, White/Bliss Pink/Alumina, 5
Overview: The Adidas VL Court 3.0 delivers a miniaturized, skate-inspired sneaker for toddlers, merging iconic brand style with practical features for active play at home, school, or the playground in a crisp white/pink colorway. What Makes It Stand Out: Adidas’s reputation for quality shines through in the synthetic leather upper with suede toe cap for durability and the non-marking rubber outsole—essential for indoor play on hardwood or gym floors without scuffs. Value for Money: Commands a premium price reflecting the Adidas brand, but justifies it with superior materials, consistent sizing, and exceptional durability compared to generic brands. The non-marking sole alone is a significant value-add for indoor use. Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths: Brand reliability and style, non-marking outsole, durable synthetic/suede materials, easy hook-and-loop straps, consistent toddler sizing. Weaknesses: Higher cost than non-branded options, limited color variety in infant sizes, synthetic materials less breathable than mesh. Bottom Line: A worthwhile splurge for parents prioritizing durability, trusted quality, and versatile style; ideal for active toddlers needing reliable, floor-friendly shoes for varied environments.
Understanding the Critical Role of First Walking Shoes
Why Foot Development Matters More Than Style
A baby’s foot is incredibly soft and malleable, composed mostly of cartilage that gradually hardens into bone. During the crucial first walking phase (typically 9-18 months), every step shapes the arches, joints, and muscle patterns. Rigid shoes restrict natural movement, potentially hindering this development. The ideal shoe acts as a protective shell, not a corrective device, allowing toes to splay, the foot to bend naturally at the ball, and the heel to strike softly. Prioritizing developmental needs over aesthetics ensures a stronger foundation for lifelong mobility.
The Barefoot Principle Explained
Pediatricians and podiatrists widely advocate for barefoot exploration indoors whenever possible. This maximizes sensory input from the floor, strengthening foot muscles and improving balance. First walking shoes should replicate this barefoot experience as closely as feasible outdoors or on rough surfaces. Look for terms like “zero-drop” (no heel elevation) and “ultra-flexible” soles that mimic the foot’s natural roll. Remember, shoes for this stage are primarily for protection—not propulsion or correction.
Recognizing Developmental Stages
Understanding your baby’s current walking ability is key to selecting appropriate footwear. Pre-walkers (cruising along furniture) need minimal coverage—soft soles or “sock shoes” often suffice. New walkers taking independent steps require slightly more protection but still demand extreme flexibility. Established walkers (confidently moving for months) might handle slightly sturdier soles, but heavy, inflexible designs remain counterproductive. Match the shoe’s structure to their current skill, not where you hope they’ll be next month.
Essential Features to Prioritize in First Walkers
Flexibility: The Non-Negotiable Trait
The sole must bend easily at the ball of the foot—the exact spot where a baby’s foot naturally flexes when walking. Test this by holding the shoe at the heel and toe; it should fold upward with minimal resistance. Avoid any shoe requiring significant force to bend. Rigid soles force unnatural gait patterns and can strain developing joints. True flexibility allows the foot to move as nature intended.
Room for Natural Toe Splay
The widest part of the shoe (the toe box) must be significantly wider than the shoe’s heel and arch. Babies’ feet are widest at the toes, not the midfoot. A narrow toe box crams toes together, potentially causing deformities or discomfort. Press down on the sole—the upper should visibly widen at the front. Your baby’s toes need space to grip the ground and spread for balance, just like bare feet do.
Lightweight Construction for Effortless Movement
Heavy shoes tire little leg muscles quickly, discouraging walking practice. Aim for shoes weighing less than 3 ounces per pair. Test by holding one shoe in each hand—one should feel almost weightless compared to the other. Lightweight materials like soft leather, breathable knits, or ultra-thin rubber soles reduce energy expenditure, letting your baby focus on mastering balance and coordination.
Secure, Adjustable Fit Systems
Babies’ feet swell during activity, and tiny feet slip easily. Elastic gussets, hook-and-loop straps (velcro), or soft, stretchy uppers provide the necessary adjustability without pressure points. Avoid slip-ons or stiff buckles for new walkers—they lack the fine-tuned fit needed for stability. The closure should allow you to easily slide a finger snugly behind the heel while keeping the foot secure.
Mastering the Art of Proper Sizing
Measuring Feet Correctly at Home
Measure both feet (they’re often different sizes!) in the afternoon when feet are largest. Place a piece of paper flat on the floor against a wall. Have your baby stand firmly with their heel against the wall. Mark the longest toe tip, then measure from heel to mark in centimeters. Always size up by 1-1.5 cm (about a thumb’s width) for growth and swelling—this is the only reliable home method. Forget shoe size charts; they vary wildly.
The Thumb Test: Avoiding Common Fit Mistakes
When trying shoes on, ensure you can fit your thumb flat across the top of the shoe, above the toes, with slight pressure. If it’s tight or impossible, the shoe is too short. Also, check side-to-side room: gently squeeze the sides of the toe box—it should compress slightly without touching the toes. Never size down anticipating growth; cramped shoes cause pain and deformities.
When and How Often to Resize
Check fit every 4-6 weeks during rapid growth spurts. Signs of outgrowing include red marks on the skin after removal, reluctance to walk, or visible toes pressing against the end. Remember, babies can grow half a size in just a few weeks. Regular checks prevent the common mistake of keeping shoes “just a little small” for longevity—this harms developing feet.
Material Matters: Beyond Just Looks
Breathable Uppers for Healthy Feet
Sweaty feet in non-breathable synthetics create a damp environment prone to irritation and fungal issues. Opt for natural, soft leathers or high-quality, mesh-like knits that allow air circulation. Avoid vinyl or thick, plastic-coated fabrics. Run your hand inside the shoe—it should feel soft and non-abrasive against the skin, not stiff or scratchy.
Non-Slip Sole Technology
A slightly grippy sole prevents slips on smooth surfaces like hardwood or tile, boosting confidence. Look for thin rubber with subtle tread patterns—not thick, aggressive lugs designed for hiking. Test by gently dragging the sole on a hard surface; it should offer gentle resistance without sticking. Too much grip can actually impede the natural foot roll during walking.
Machine Washable vs. Spot Clean Considerations
Babies are messy! Shoes labeled machine-washable (on gentle cycles) save immense hassle, but verify material durability first. Leather often requires spot cleaning with a damp cloth. Ensure any cleaning method won’t stiffen the sole or damage the flexible structure. Prioritize easy maintenance without sacrificing the shoe’s core flexibility.
Style vs. Function: Navigating Design Choices
Avoiding High Fashion Pitfalls
Cute details like hard plastic toes, rigid ankle supports, thick platforms, or decorative straps across the foot often compromise essential flexibility and fit. Steer clear of anything resembling adult fashion shoes scaled down—they lack the necessary pediatric design. Focus on simple, unstructured silhouettes that prioritize movement over appearance.
The Truth About “Supportive” Arch Designs
Infants and toddlers don’t have fully formed arches yet; they’re naturally flat-footed. Built-in arch supports are unnecessary and can even interfere with natural arch development. A truly flexible shoe with a flat, contoured insole (that you can easily remove) is ideal. The foot’s muscles need to work to form the arch—external support hinders this process.
Color and Pattern: Practicality Tips
Light-colored uppers show dirt quickly, while darker shades hide stains but may absorb more heat. Consider easy-to-clean materials if opting for lighter colors. Patterns can help mask minor scuffs. Ultimately, prioritize function—durable, cleanable materials matter far more than color when facing daily play and inevitable spills.
Sizing and Fit Troubleshooting
Dealing with Wide or Narrow Feet
Standard widths often don’t fit perfectly. Seek brands offering specific width options (e.g., narrow, medium, wide) if your baby consistently has fit issues. For wide feet, prioritize shoes with expandable uppers or gussets. For narrow feet, avoid overly roomy toe boxes that cause slipping—look for softer, more malleable materials that conform to the foot.
Heel Slippage Solutions
Some heel slippage is normal in new walkers as they haven’t developed strong calf muscles yet. Ensure closures are snug but not tight. Soft, padded heel counters can minimize rubbing. If slippage causes blisters, try thinner socks or a slightly smaller size only if toe room is still adequate—never sacrifice length for heel security.
Transitioning from Pre-Walker to Walker Styles
Pre-walker shoes (soft soles for cruising) often lack the secure heel and ankle support needed for independent steps. When your baby starts walking solo, upgrade to shoes with a defined, flexible heel cup and a secure closure that stabilizes the ankle slightly without restricting movement. The sole should offer just enough protection for outdoor surfaces while maintaining critical flexibility.
Long-Term Foot Health Considerations
Signs of Potential Foot Problems
Monitor for consistent toe-walking beyond initial steps, frequent tripping without environmental cause, limping, or visible foot deformities (like inward/outward turning). Redness, blisters, or persistent refusal to wear shoes may indicate poor fit. Consult a pediatrician or pediatric podiatrist if concerns arise—early intervention is key.
The Importance of Rotating Multiple Pairs
Wearing the same pair daily prevents materials from fully drying, leading to odor and breakdown. Rotate 2-3 pairs to extend their life and ensure feet experience consistent support. This also helps if one pair gets wet or muddy unexpectedly. Ensure all rotated pairs meet the same flexibility and fit standards.
When to Ditch the Shoes Indoors
Reinforce barefoot time at home whenever safe. This strengthens foot muscles, improves balance, and provides essential sensory feedback. Reserve shoes strictly for outdoor use, rough surfaces, or cold environments. Making shoes the default indoors undermines the developmental benefits of barefoot movement.
Emerging Innovations for 2026
Sustainable Material Advancements
Expect wider adoption of plant-based leathers (like mushroom or cactus leather), recycled ocean plastics, and organic cotton knits. These materials increasingly match the durability and flexibility of traditional options while reducing environmental impact—without compromising the critical features babies need.
Smart Fit Technology Integration
While not replacing manual measurement, some brands may incorporate subtle indicators—like color-changing insoles under pressure points—to signal improper fit during wear. Focus remains on simplicity; these are aids, not replacements for parental observation and the thumb test.
Enhanced Breathability Solutions
New textile technologies could offer superior moisture-wicking properties, keeping feet drier during active play. Think ultra-thin, breathable membranes that repel light rain while allowing maximum airflow—ideal for unpredictable toddler adventures without adding bulk.
Frequently Asked Questions
How tight should baby’s first walking shoes be?
Shoes should feel snug but never tight. You must fit your thumb flat across the top of the shoe above the toes with slight pressure. The heel should have minimal slippage (a quarter-inch is normal for new walkers), and toes need room to wiggle freely without pressing against the end.
Can I use hand-me-down shoes for my baby’s first steps?
It’s generally not recommended. Shoes mold to the previous wearer’s foot shape and gait, potentially creating pressure points or imbalances for a new wearer. They also lose structural integrity and cushioning over time. For optimal foot development, new shoes are best.
How many hours a day should my baby wear shoes?
Limit shoe wear to necessary situations: outdoors, on rough surfaces, or in very cold conditions. Prioritize barefoot time indoors whenever possible for healthy foot muscle development and balance. Even 30-60 minutes of daily barefoot exploration makes a significant difference.
Are soft-soled shoes really better than hard-soled for beginners?
Yes, for true first walkers (newly independent steps), soft, flexible soles that bend easily at the ball of the foot are essential. They mimic barefoot movement. Hard-soled shoes restrict natural foot motion and are inappropriate until a child is a very confident walker, often well beyond 18 months.
Do babies need arch support in their first shoes?
No. Infants and toddlers have naturally flat feet as their arches develop. Built-in arch supports are unnecessary and can hinder the natural strengthening of foot muscles required to form the arch. A flat, flexible insole is ideal.
How do I know if the shoe is too big?
Signs include excessive heel slippage (more than half an inch), the baby tripping frequently on the toe area, or visible wrinkling of the upper material as the foot slides forward. Always prioritize correct length (thumb test) over width—too-wide shoes cause instability.
Should first walking shoes have a firm heel counter?
The heel counter (back of the shoe) should be structured enough to hold its shape and stabilize the heel, but flexible enough to compress slightly when squeezed. It shouldn’t be rigid like adult shoes. This provides necessary heel control without restricting movement.
Is it okay if my baby wears socks inside the shoes?
Yes, thin, seamless socks made of breathable materials like cotton or bamboo are fine and can prevent blisters. Avoid thick socks that compress the toe box or cause the shoe to fit too tightly. Ensure the sock doesn’t bunch up under the foot.
How often should I replace my baby’s first walking shoes?
Replace them every 2-3 months during rapid growth phases, or immediately if they show signs of being too small (red marks, toe pressure) or worn out (soles losing flexibility, uppers stretched thin). Check fit weekly by feeling inside for pressure points and using the thumb test.
Can tight shoes cause long-term foot problems?
Yes, consistently wearing shoes that are too tight, narrow, or rigid can contribute to issues like bunions, hammertoes, or ingrown toenails later in childhood or adulthood. Properly fitted, flexible shoes that allow natural foot movement are crucial for healthy development.